Influence of effective microorganisms on the basic parameters of soil biogenicity in the production of wheat and corn

Abstract

In modern directions of food production, it is necessary to apply measures that would reduce the possibility of soil degradation. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of effective microorganisms on the basic parameters of soil biogenicity in the production of wheat and corn. The experiment with wheat was carried out in 2019 and the experiment with maize in 2017. Agroecological conditions in 2019 were optimal for wheat production. In 2017, unfavorable agrometeorological conditions for maize production were recorded. In both experiments, the microbiological preparation EM Aktiv with effective microorganisms was used. With wheat, it was applied twice foliarly with 6 l ha-1. In the case of maize, EM Aktiv was introduced into the soil before sowing at 20 l ha-1 and foliarly applied twice at 6 l ha-1. The rhizosphere soil was analyzed. The total number of microorganisms and the abundance of Azotobacter in wheat were determined. In the case of corn, the total number of microorganisms and the number of ammonifiers were determined. In both experiments, an increase in the number of tested groups of microorganisms was found. The percentage increase in abundance depended on the genotype of wheat and corn. Based on the results, it was concluded that the application of effective microorganisms is necessary and that in sustainable food production systems it should be a mandatory measure to preserve the basic resources for food production.