Karakterizacija KG linija pšenice po morfološkim osobinama

Abstract

U ovom istraživanju je sprovedena karakterizacija perspektivnih genotipova ozime pšenice na osnovu deskriptora morfoloških osobina definisanih od strane Međunarodnog udruženja za zaštitu novih sorti biljaka (UPOV). Karakterizacija KG-linija pšenice je izvršena za 7 kvalitativnih osobina. Poljski ogledi su izvedeni u dvogodišnjem periodu (2013/2014. i 2014/2015.) na tri lokacije: Institut za krmno bilje u Kruševcu, Agroinstitut u Somboru, Centar za strna žita i razvoj sela u Kragujevcu. Ekspresija analiziranih svojstava ispitana je vizuelnim opažanjem i ocenjena odgovarajućim brojem prema UPOV deskriptoru za pšenicu. Većinu KG-genotipova odlikuje piramidalan klas bele boje sa prisutnim zupcima. Izuzetak čini genotip KG-162/7 koji ima paralelan klas, kao i genotip KG-191/5-13 sa vretenastim oblikom klasa. Takođe, za razliku od svih ostalih genotipova, genotip KG-60-3/3 karakteriše klas sa prisutnim osjem. Svojstvo donja plevica – širina ramena se kretala u rasponu od uskog, do veoma širokog, dok su svi genotipovi imali ravan oblik ramena donje plevice. Analizirani genotipovi pšenice pripadaju ozimom tipu.

In this research, the characterization of promising winter wheat genotypes was carried out based on the descriptors of morphological traits defined by the International Association for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV). Characterization of KG-lines of wheat was carried out for 7 qualitative traits. Experimental trial was carried out in a two-year period (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) at three locations: Institute for Forage Crops in Kruševac, Agroinstitut in Sombor and Centre for Small Grains and Rural Development in Kragujevac. The expression of the analyzed properties was examined by visual observation and evaluated with a corresponding number according to the UPOV descriptor for wheat. Most KG-genotypes are characterized by a white pyramidal ear with scurs present. The exception is the genotype KG-162/7, which has a parallel spike, as well as the genotype KG-191/5-13, which has a spindle-shaped spike. Also, unlike all other genotypes, genotype KG-60-3/3 is characterized by a spike with a present awns. Lower glume characteristic – shoulder width ranged from narrow to very wide, while all genotypes had a flat lower glume shoulder shape. The analyzed wheat genotypes belong to the winter type.