Variability of seed protein content and sedimentation volume in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The quality of wheat seed protein is determined by encoding gene alleles, but percentage content varies depending from genotypes, environmental factors and interaction genotype/ environmental conditions. The aim of this work is analysis of seed protein content, sedimentation volume and their relationship with gliadin and high molecular weight glutenin subunits in bread wheat. The 10 wheat genotypes included in experimental field study in two vegetation seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17) with different climatic conditions. The results showed that seed protein content and sedimentation volume, varied in wheat genotypes within and between vegetation season. The highest seed protein content in both vegetation season was found in the genotype G-3617-1 (14.00% and 14.80%) and the least in genotype G- 3634-2 (11.40% and 12.00%). The value of protein sedimentation volume in both vegetation season was the highest in genotype G-3622-1 (52.00 ml and 56.00 ml), while the least in genotype G-3601-4 (33.00 ml and 36.00 ml). Genotypes were grouped according to the presence of the same allele at all six loci for gliadins and three loci for high-molecular-weight glutenins, and found that with high value of seed protein content associate Gli-B1b, Gli-D2b, and Glu-A1b, Glu-B1c, Glu-D1d, allele, and that with high value of sedimentation protein volume associated Gli-B1b, Gli-B2b and Glu-A1b, Glu-B1c, Glu-D1d allele.