Mode of inheritance and AMMI analysis of onion (Аllium cepa L.) bulb traits

Abstract

The success in growing agricultural plants depends on genotype grown, environment and growing technology applied. The impacts of these factors should not be studied separately. Interaction among genotypes and environment was crucial for breeding work and improvement of variety characteristics. Very often in production practice it happens that when comparing the same varieties in different soil and weather conditions they are ranked differently. One of the key aims set at the breeders is breeding for the traits of wide adaptability and calculating of the complex components of genetic variance which is the main condition for successful breeding program such as breeding for increased yield and yield components. Trial was set up at random block system in five repetitions. Ten onion genotypes from the Institute for Vegetable Crops germplasm were used in this trial. After choosing the most stabile genotypes, they were crossed by applying full diallel without reciprocals. Then, a field trial was set up with parents and hybrids of F-1 and F-2 generation. The experiment has been set up at the trial field of the Institute for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka, for three years. The best adaptability in the experiment, for mass of the onion bulb had genotypes Makoi bronzi and Holandski zuti, while for average yield, it was Jasenicki crveni. Also, components of genetic variance in both progeny generations were calculated for mass, yield and height of fresh bulb. The most common heredity mode for mass and yield of the bulb was super-domination and domination of a better parent.