Analiza prinosa zrna i kvaliteta brašna nekih sorata ozime pšenice u 2011. I 2012. godini

Abstract

Pšenica je bila u prošlosti, jeste u sadašnjosti a sigurno će biti i u budućnosti bazna komponenta svakodnevne ishrane ljudi i životinja. Sada i kod nas, kao i u svetu, sve više se javlja tražnja za sortama koje pored visokog prinosa zrna, imaju i dobar kvalitet brašna. Sorte domaće selekcije Talas i Pobeda, stabilnog prinosa i dobrog kvaliteta, i u ogledima su potvrdile svoje osobine. Ove sorte imaju i visok sadržaj kvalitetnih proteina, a analogno ovome je i visok sadržaj glutena ali i kvalitet, što su potvrdila reološka merenja. Visoki prinosi ispitivanih sorata pšenice jesu rezultat interakcije genetičkog potencijala i primene dobre agrotehnike u uslovima kada raspored padavina u toku vegetacione sezone, od momenta setve do momenta žetve, nije pogodovao proizvodnji pšenice. Nakon obavljenih ispitivanja i ove godine sorte Talas i Pobeda svrstane su u A2 kvalitetnu grupu, odnosno to su sorte dobrog kvaliteta brašna i hleba i kao takve spadaju i u grupu poboljšivača. Sorte Merkur, Ratarica i Esperia svrstane su u B1 kvalitetnu grupu, tj. one su dobre hlebne sorte. Sorta NS 40 S i Balaton svrstane su u B2 kvalitetnu grupu. Sorta sa najlošijim kvalitetom i prinosom i ove godine je sorta Apač i svrstana je u C1 kvalitetnu grupu, što znači da mlinari i pekari moraju brašno ove sorte mešati sa brašnom sorata poboljšivača, da bi se dobio hleb zadovoljavajućeg kvaliteta.

Wheat was in the past, is at present and will surely be in the future, basic and vital element of the daily diet of humans and animals. The world market, and more and we do have expressed the desire and request of sorts, which in addition to high and stable yields with good quality parameters and flour. Cultivars with the most stable yield and good quality grain were varieties Talas and Pobeda. These varieties are high in quality protein and by analogy, this is a high gluten content and quality, as confirmed by rheological measurements. High yields of tested wheat varieties are the result of the interaction of genetic potential of the tested wheat varieties and application of good management systems in circumstances where the distribution of rainfall during the growing seasons, from the time of sowing and harvest was not favorable to the production of wheat. After testing cultivars, Talas and Pobeda are classified in A2 quality group, group of cultivars for quality flour and bread, and as such also belong to the group of improvers. Varieties Merkur, Ratarica and Esperia are classified as B1 group, group of cultivars good for bread. Cultivars NS 40 S and Balaton are classified as B2 quality group. The cultivar with the lowest quality is sorta Apach and classified in the C1 group of quality, which means that millers and bakers must mix flour with a variety of cultivars of flour improver, to obtain good quality bread.