Characteristics important for organic breeding of vegetable crops

Abstract

The remarkable development and application of new genetic The Institute for Vegetable Crops possesses a rich germplasm collection of vegetables, utilized as gene resource for breeding specific traits. Onion and garlic breeding programs are based on chemical composition improvement. There are programs for identification and use of genotypes characterized by high tolerance to economically important diseases. Special attention is paid to breeding cucumber and tomato lines tolerant to late blight. As a result, late blight tolerant pickling cucumber line, as well as late blight tolerant tomato lines and hybrids are realized. Research on bean drought stress tolerance is initiated. Lettuce breeding program including research on spontaneous flora is started and interspecies hybrids were observed as possible genetic variability source. It is important to have access to a broad range of vegetable genotypes in order to meet the needs of organic agriculture production. Appreciating the concept of sustainable agriculture, it is important to introduce organic agriculture programs in breeding institutions.

Institut za povrtarstvo poseduje bogatu kolekciju germplazme povrtarskih biljaka, koja se koristi kao izvor gena za oplemenjivanje na pojedine specifične osobine. Program oplemenjivačkog rada na luku zasnovan je na poboljšanju njegovog hemijskog sastava. Postoje i programi za identifikaciju i korišćenje genotipova koji se odlikuju visokim stepenom tolerantnosti na ekonomski značajnije bolesti. Posebna pažnja se posvećuje selekciji linija krastavca i paradajza tolerantnih prema plamenjači. Kao rezultat izdvojene su visoko tolerantne linije krastavca kornišona, kao i linije i hibridi paradajza sa višim stepenom tolerancije. Pokrenut je projekat oplemenjivanja pasulja tolerantnog na stresne uslove suše. Kod oplemenjivanja salate pristupilo se ispitivanju dela spontane flore, a kao moguć izvor genetičke varijabilnosti proučavani su i interspecies hibridi. Neophodno je raspolagati širokim spektrom sorti povrtarskih biljaka u cilju zadovoljenje potreba organske poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Uz poštovanje koncepta održive poljoprivrede, potrebno je uvođenje ovakvih programa u oplemenjivačke ustanove.