Plant gene bank and vegetable varieties biodiversity in Smederevska Palanka

Abstract

Biodiversity protection and preservation of genetic variability is based on the fact that plant varieties are irreplaceable in production process and that they are more and more jeopardized by urban and industrial development. The most common way of preserving and at the same time the safest way is a storage in a gene bank. Prior to storage comes collecting, studying and replanting for Institute Gene Bank, Central State Gene Bank and for Regional Gene Banks. Institute for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka preserves a wide variety of vegetable germplasm. This is, so called, work collection, used as a gene resource for breeding purposes. Seed samples are stored at 4±2°C and 50% relative humidity. At the moment, the collection has 2265 samples. Almost all samples have the passport data, but only 10% of samples have been further characterized and evaluated.

Nezamenljivost biljnih vrsta u proizvodnji i njihova sve veća ugroženost urbanim i industrijskim razvojem čine osnovu strategije zaštite biodiverziteta a u okviru toga očuvanje genetičke varijabilnosti. Najčešći način očuvanja a ujedno i najsigurniji jeste u bankama gena. U bankama biljnih gena uzorci se čuvaju na dugi rok i to u obliku semena, kulture organa, tkiva i ćelija. Institut za povrtarstvo u Smederevskoj Palanci, poseduje bogatu kolekciju germplazme povrća. Ovo je tzv. radna kolekcija, koja se se koristi kao izvor gena u oplemenjivačke svrhe. Uzorci semena se čuvaju u kontrolisanim uslovima na tamperaturi 4±2°C i relativnoj vlažnosti oko 50%. Trenutan broj uzoraka u aktivnoj kolekciji Instituta je 2265. Stepen obrađenosti postojećih uzoraka je nizak. Skoro svi uzorci imaju urađene pasoške podatke ali dalja karakterizacija i evalouacija je urađena samo na oko 10% uzoraka.