Uticaj faktora spoljašnje sredine na komponente prinosa ozime i jare tvrde pšenice

Abstract

Sprovedeno je dvogodišnje istraživanje sa pet genotipova tvrde pšenice sa ciljem da se sagleda njihov potencijal za prinos u različitim uslovima sredine. Ustanovljeno je da su jari genotipovi imali niže vrednosti komponenti prinosa zrna u odnosu na ozime. Suša prisutna u periodu cvetanja i nalivanja zrna je doprinela smanjenju vrednosti svih osobina, gde je najveće smanjenje zabeleženo kod mase zrna po klasu (31,8%). Takođe, faktor spoljašnje sredine je uticao i na korelacijske odnose, gde je utvrđeno da masa zrna po biljci ima pozitivne korelacije sa visinom biljke (0,74), brojem zrna po klasu (0,80) i masom zrna po klasu (0,88), dok je u neznačajnoj korelaciji sa dužinom klasa (0,35). Izdvojene su dve značajne PCA komponente koje objašnjavaju zajedno 88,5% varijacije. Jare sorte su izdvojene u posebne kvadrante biplota, dok su ozimi genotipovi pozicionirani u okviru vektora mase zrna po biljci, broja zrna po klasu i visine biljke, postigavši najveće vrednosti navedenih osobina.

A two-year study was conducted with five durum wheat genotypes with the aim of assessing their yield potential in different environental conditions. It was found that the spring genotypes had lower values of grain yield components compared to the winter ones. The drought present during the flowering and grain filling contributed to a decrease in the value of all traits, where the largest decrease was recorded in the grain weight per spike (31.8%). Also, the factor of year influenced the pattern of correlation, where it was determined that the grain weight per plant had positive correlations with the plant height (0.74), the number of grains per spike (0.80) and the grains weight per spike (0.88), while it was insignificantly correlated with the spike lenght (0.35). Two significant PCA components were extracted, explaining together 88.5% of the variation. Spring varieties were stood out into separate quadrants of the biplot, while winter genotypes were positioned within the vector of grain weight per plant, number of grains per spike and plant height, achieving the highest values of the mentioned traits.