TY  - CONF
AU  - Graora, Draga
AU  - Simonović, Marija
AU  - Dervišević, Marina
AU  - Miletić, Novica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://RIVeC.institut-palanka.rs/handle/123456789/591
AB  - San Jose scale, Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock) is polyphagous species which inhabits many fruit trees, most commonly apple, pear and cherry. It is a quarantine pest in many countries. However, in Serbia it has recently lost this status. Presence of San Jose scale on fruits intended for export is not allowed. Presence and harmfulness of C. perniciosa were evaluated on cherry (Prunus avium L.) during 2020/21 in Radmilovac locality. The orchard was in the seventh year of age and the dominant variety was Burlat. In order to reduce scale population, late winter treatment with mineral oil (Nitropol, 1.5%) was done on 25.02.2021 in phenophase swelling buds. Infested twigs were sampled troughout the season. After sampling, the abundance of scales, as well as their vitality, were monitored in laboratory using binocular. San Jose scale develops three generation per year and overwinters as first instar larvae on woody parts of the cherry. In the observed locality, all above-ground parts of the plant were heavily infested. Feeding of such a high number of individuals caused redness, yellowing and drying of the leaves as well as drying of thin twigs. The symptoms on trunk and branches were manifested in the form of wounds from which amber-colored resin is excreted. It darkens over time and the bark of the tree cracks and dries. Damaged plants are physiologically weakened, do not have sufficient nutrients for the formation of fertile buds, they are more susceptible to the attacks of other pests and diseases, as well as to frosts. Since scale is easily transmitted by plant material, strict phytosanitary control and use of healthy plant material are the best preventive measures for controlling this pest. Late winter treatment of cherry trees is necessary measure for controling this pest. During this research, the use of mineral oil-based preparation has achieved good results, thus reducing populations of C. perniciosa to a minimum.
PB  - Banja Luka : Poljoprivredni fakultet
C3  - Book of Abstracts : X International Symposium on Agricultural Sciences "AgroReS 2021", 27-29, May, 2021 Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina
T1  - Presence and harmfulness of San Jose scale, Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock) on cherry trees
SP  - 71
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_591
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Graora, Draga and Simonović, Marija and Dervišević, Marina and Miletić, Novica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "San Jose scale, Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock) is polyphagous species which inhabits many fruit trees, most commonly apple, pear and cherry. It is a quarantine pest in many countries. However, in Serbia it has recently lost this status. Presence of San Jose scale on fruits intended for export is not allowed. Presence and harmfulness of C. perniciosa were evaluated on cherry (Prunus avium L.) during 2020/21 in Radmilovac locality. The orchard was in the seventh year of age and the dominant variety was Burlat. In order to reduce scale population, late winter treatment with mineral oil (Nitropol, 1.5%) was done on 25.02.2021 in phenophase swelling buds. Infested twigs were sampled troughout the season. After sampling, the abundance of scales, as well as their vitality, were monitored in laboratory using binocular. San Jose scale develops three generation per year and overwinters as first instar larvae on woody parts of the cherry. In the observed locality, all above-ground parts of the plant were heavily infested. Feeding of such a high number of individuals caused redness, yellowing and drying of the leaves as well as drying of thin twigs. The symptoms on trunk and branches were manifested in the form of wounds from which amber-colored resin is excreted. It darkens over time and the bark of the tree cracks and dries. Damaged plants are physiologically weakened, do not have sufficient nutrients for the formation of fertile buds, they are more susceptible to the attacks of other pests and diseases, as well as to frosts. Since scale is easily transmitted by plant material, strict phytosanitary control and use of healthy plant material are the best preventive measures for controlling this pest. Late winter treatment of cherry trees is necessary measure for controling this pest. During this research, the use of mineral oil-based preparation has achieved good results, thus reducing populations of C. perniciosa to a minimum.",
publisher = "Banja Luka : Poljoprivredni fakultet",
journal = "Book of Abstracts : X International Symposium on Agricultural Sciences "AgroReS 2021", 27-29, May, 2021 Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina",
title = "Presence and harmfulness of San Jose scale, Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock) on cherry trees",
pages = "71",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_591"
}

Graora, D., Simonović, M., Dervišević, M.,& Miletić, N.. (2021). Presence and harmfulness of San Jose scale, Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock) on cherry trees. in Book of Abstracts : X International Symposium on Agricultural Sciences "AgroReS 2021", 27-29, May, 2021 Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Banja Luka : Poljoprivredni fakultet., 71.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_591

Graora D, Simonović M, Dervišević M, Miletić N. Presence and harmfulness of San Jose scale, Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock) on cherry trees. in Book of Abstracts : X International Symposium on Agricultural Sciences "AgroReS 2021", 27-29, May, 2021 Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2021;:71.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_591 .

Graora, Draga, Simonović, Marija, Dervišević, Marina, Miletić, Novica, "Presence and harmfulness of San Jose scale, Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock) on cherry trees" in Book of Abstracts : X International Symposium on Agricultural Sciences "AgroReS 2021", 27-29, May, 2021 Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021):71,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_591 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dervišević, Marina
AU  - Stojanović, Aleksandar
AU  - Simonović, Marija
AU  - Graora, Draga
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://RIVeC.institut-palanka.rs/handle/123456789/582
AB  - The tritrophic relationships among the soft scale Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman, 1826) (Hemiptera), the polyembryonic parasitoid Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera) and the predator Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera) is documented and reported for the first time. In Belgrade region (Serbia), in scale insects P. hemicryphus, the simultaneous presence of P. testaceus parasitoid larvae and A. nebulosus larvae has been registered. Larvae of A. nebulosus, apart from scales' eggs, also feed on larvae of parasitoids P. testaceus. Competitive interactions between these two species, which are natural enemies of P. hemicryphus, have not been known until now.
PB  - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
T2  - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica
T1  - First Report of Tritrophic Relationships among Soft Scale Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman, 1826) (Hemiptera), Polyembryonic Parasitoid Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera) and the Predator Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera)
EP  - 307
IS  - 2
SP  - 305
VL  - 71
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_582
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dervišević, Marina and Stojanović, Aleksandar and Simonović, Marija and Graora, Draga",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The tritrophic relationships among the soft scale Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman, 1826) (Hemiptera), the polyembryonic parasitoid Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera) and the predator Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera) is documented and reported for the first time. In Belgrade region (Serbia), in scale insects P. hemicryphus, the simultaneous presence of P. testaceus parasitoid larvae and A. nebulosus larvae has been registered. Larvae of A. nebulosus, apart from scales' eggs, also feed on larvae of parasitoids P. testaceus. Competitive interactions between these two species, which are natural enemies of P. hemicryphus, have not been known until now.",
publisher = "Bulgarian Academy of Sciences",
journal = "Acta Zoologica Bulgarica",
title = "First Report of Tritrophic Relationships among Soft Scale Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman, 1826) (Hemiptera), Polyembryonic Parasitoid Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera) and the Predator Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera)",
pages = "307-305",
number = "2",
volume = "71",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_582"
}

Dervišević, M., Stojanović, A., Simonović, M.,& Graora, D.. (2019). First Report of Tritrophic Relationships among Soft Scale Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman, 1826) (Hemiptera), Polyembryonic Parasitoid Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera) and the Predator Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera). in Acta Zoologica Bulgarica
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences., 71(2), 305-307.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_582

Dervišević M, Stojanović A, Simonović M, Graora D. First Report of Tritrophic Relationships among Soft Scale Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman, 1826) (Hemiptera), Polyembryonic Parasitoid Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera) and the Predator Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera). in Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 2019;71(2):305-307.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_582 .

Dervišević, Marina, Stojanović, Aleksandar, Simonović, Marija, Graora, Draga, "First Report of Tritrophic Relationships among Soft Scale Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman, 1826) (Hemiptera), Polyembryonic Parasitoid Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera) and the Predator Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera)" in Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 71, no. 2 (2019):305-307,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_582 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Simonović, Marija
AU  - Dervišević, Marina
AU  - Graora, Draga
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://RIVeC.institut-palanka.rs/handle/123456789/605
AB  - During the years 2016-2018, the natural enemies of Physokermes species, namely, Physokermes hemicryphus
(Dalman) and Ph. piceae (Schrank), were studied in Sebia. Populations of both species of the spruce bud scale
were found at a very high level. Five species of predators were reared from Ph. hemicryphus colonies: Anthribus
nebulosus Forster (Anthribidae), Exochomus quadripustulatus L., Scymnus abietis Paykull, Harmonia axyridis Pallas
(Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Chrysopidae). The same predator species were reared from Ph. piceae
colonies. The parasitoid species Aphycoides clavellatus (Dalm.), Microterys lunatus (Dalm.), Pseudorhopus testaceus
(Ratzeburg) (Encyrtidae), Coccophagus lycimnia Walker (Aphelinidae) and Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae) were
reared from both scale colonies while Eurytoma sp. (Eurytomidae), Metaphycus unicolor Hoffer (Encyrtidae) and
Pachyneuron muscarum L. (Pteromalidae) were reared only from Ph. hemicryphus colonies. Coccophagus piceae
Erdos (Aphelinidae) and Metaphycus stagnarum Hoffer (Encyrtidae) were identified as parasitoid associated only
with Ph. piceae. The most abudant predator species in both scale colonies, Ph. hemicryphus and Ph. piceae, was A.
nebulosus (45,72% and 57,11% respectively), while poliembrionic parasitoid, P. testaceus was the most abundant
parasitoid species (42,02% and 28,25% respectively). Shannon-Weaver diversity index and Equitability index were
used for analyzing the diversity of natural enemies on each locality. The calculated values of the Shannon-Weaver
were as follows, Ph. hemicryphus: 0,3-1,33 and Ph. piceae: 0,37-0,87. Equitability index varied from 0,02 to 0,58 for
Ph. hemicryphus natural enemies and from 0,097 to 0,21 Ph. piceae natural enemies, which indicate the unequal
distribution of natural enemy species.
PB  - Zagreb : Croatian Plant Protection Society
C3  - Program and abstract book: XVth International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Zagreb, Croatia, 17-20 June
T1  - Parasitoid species of Physokermes species on Norway spruce in Serbia
SP  - 46
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_605
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Simonović, Marija and Dervišević, Marina and Graora, Draga",
year = "2019",
abstract = "During the years 2016-2018, the natural enemies of Physokermes species, namely, Physokermes hemicryphus
(Dalman) and Ph. piceae (Schrank), were studied in Sebia. Populations of both species of the spruce bud scale
were found at a very high level. Five species of predators were reared from Ph. hemicryphus colonies: Anthribus
nebulosus Forster (Anthribidae), Exochomus quadripustulatus L., Scymnus abietis Paykull, Harmonia axyridis Pallas
(Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Chrysopidae). The same predator species were reared from Ph. piceae
colonies. The parasitoid species Aphycoides clavellatus (Dalm.), Microterys lunatus (Dalm.), Pseudorhopus testaceus
(Ratzeburg) (Encyrtidae), Coccophagus lycimnia Walker (Aphelinidae) and Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae) were
reared from both scale colonies while Eurytoma sp. (Eurytomidae), Metaphycus unicolor Hoffer (Encyrtidae) and
Pachyneuron muscarum L. (Pteromalidae) were reared only from Ph. hemicryphus colonies. Coccophagus piceae
Erdos (Aphelinidae) and Metaphycus stagnarum Hoffer (Encyrtidae) were identified as parasitoid associated only
with Ph. piceae. The most abudant predator species in both scale colonies, Ph. hemicryphus and Ph. piceae, was A.
nebulosus (45,72% and 57,11% respectively), while poliembrionic parasitoid, P. testaceus was the most abundant
parasitoid species (42,02% and 28,25% respectively). Shannon-Weaver diversity index and Equitability index were
used for analyzing the diversity of natural enemies on each locality. The calculated values of the Shannon-Weaver
were as follows, Ph. hemicryphus: 0,3-1,33 and Ph. piceae: 0,37-0,87. Equitability index varied from 0,02 to 0,58 for
Ph. hemicryphus natural enemies and from 0,097 to 0,21 Ph. piceae natural enemies, which indicate the unequal
distribution of natural enemy species.",
publisher = "Zagreb : Croatian Plant Protection Society",
journal = "Program and abstract book: XVth International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Zagreb, Croatia, 17-20 June",
title = "Parasitoid species of Physokermes species on Norway spruce in Serbia",
pages = "46",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_605"
}

Simonović, M., Dervišević, M.,& Graora, D.. (2019). Parasitoid species of Physokermes species on Norway spruce in Serbia. in Program and abstract book: XVth International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Zagreb, Croatia, 17-20 June
Zagreb : Croatian Plant Protection Society., 46.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_605

Simonović M, Dervišević M, Graora D. Parasitoid species of Physokermes species on Norway spruce in Serbia. in Program and abstract book: XVth International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Zagreb, Croatia, 17-20 June. 2019;:46.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_605 .

Simonović, Marija, Dervišević, Marina, Graora, Draga, "Parasitoid species of Physokermes species on Norway spruce in Serbia" in Program and abstract book: XVth International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Zagreb, Croatia, 17-20 June (2019):46,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_605 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Graora, Draga
AU  - Dervišević, Marina
AU  - Simonović, Marija
AU  - Smiljanić, Dragica
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://RIVeC.institut-palanka.rs/handle/123456789/583
AB  - Numerous colonies of the brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) were registered on chayote, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Cucurbitaceae) in Belgrade area, locality Zemun. Damages were caused by all development stages of scale which feed by sucking plant sap from leaves. In the case of high infestation, scales feed on fruits. As the result of scale feeding, numerous chlorotic spots occur, whicher merge into bright strips usually located by leaf nerves. In case of high level infestation, bright stripes cover the entire leaf surface which leads to discoloration of the leaves. Furthermore, brown soft scales produce large amounts of honeydew where sooty moulds develop, causing reduction of the photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as aesthetic appearance of the plant. This paper presents data on Coccus hesperidum morph ological-biological characteristics, as one of the chayote pests.
AB  - Na jednosemenoj tikvi, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Cucurbitaceae) u Beogradu - lokalitet Zemun, registrovane su brojne kolonije smeđe sočne štitaste vaši, Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Oštećenja prouzrokuju svi razvojni stadijumi vaši, koji se hrane isisavanjem sokova pre svega iz listova, a pri jakom napadu i iz plodova. Usled ishrane, na listovima se uočavaju simptomi u vidu brojnih hlorotičnih pega koje se spajaju u svetle trake, najčešće duž nerava a u slučaju jakog napada, zahvataju skoro celu površinu, dovodeći do diskoloracije listova. Pored toga, na mednoj rosi koju luči ova vaš, razvijaju se gljive čađavice koje ometaju fotosintezu i transpiraciju kod biljke i narušavaju njen estetski izgled. U radu se daju podaci o osnovnim morfološko-biološkim karakteristikama Coccus hesperidum, kao jednoj od štetočina jednosemene tikve u našoj zemlji.
PB  - Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad
T2  - Biljni lekar
T1  - Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae): Pest of chayote, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. in Belgrade
T1  - Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) - štetočina jednosemene tikve, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw u Beogradu
EP  - 465
IS  - 6
SP  - 457
VL  - 47
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_583
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Graora, Draga and Dervišević, Marina and Simonović, Marija and Smiljanić, Dragica",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Numerous colonies of the brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) were registered on chayote, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Cucurbitaceae) in Belgrade area, locality Zemun. Damages were caused by all development stages of scale which feed by sucking plant sap from leaves. In the case of high infestation, scales feed on fruits. As the result of scale feeding, numerous chlorotic spots occur, whicher merge into bright strips usually located by leaf nerves. In case of high level infestation, bright stripes cover the entire leaf surface which leads to discoloration of the leaves. Furthermore, brown soft scales produce large amounts of honeydew where sooty moulds develop, causing reduction of the photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as aesthetic appearance of the plant. This paper presents data on Coccus hesperidum morph ological-biological characteristics, as one of the chayote pests., Na jednosemenoj tikvi, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Cucurbitaceae) u Beogradu - lokalitet Zemun, registrovane su brojne kolonije smeđe sočne štitaste vaši, Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Oštećenja prouzrokuju svi razvojni stadijumi vaši, koji se hrane isisavanjem sokova pre svega iz listova, a pri jakom napadu i iz plodova. Usled ishrane, na listovima se uočavaju simptomi u vidu brojnih hlorotičnih pega koje se spajaju u svetle trake, najčešće duž nerava a u slučaju jakog napada, zahvataju skoro celu površinu, dovodeći do diskoloracije listova. Pored toga, na mednoj rosi koju luči ova vaš, razvijaju se gljive čađavice koje ometaju fotosintezu i transpiraciju kod biljke i narušavaju njen estetski izgled. U radu se daju podaci o osnovnim morfološko-biološkim karakteristikama Coccus hesperidum, kao jednoj od štetočina jednosemene tikve u našoj zemlji.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad",
journal = "Biljni lekar",
title = "Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae): Pest of chayote, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. in Belgrade, Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) - štetočina jednosemene tikve, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw u Beogradu",
pages = "465-457",
number = "6",
volume = "47",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_583"
}

Graora, D., Dervišević, M., Simonović, M.,& Smiljanić, D.. (2019). Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae): Pest of chayote, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. in Belgrade. in Biljni lekar
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad., 47(6), 457-465.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_583

Graora D, Dervišević M, Simonović M, Smiljanić D. Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae): Pest of chayote, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. in Belgrade. in Biljni lekar. 2019;47(6):457-465.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_583 .

Graora, Draga, Dervišević, Marina, Simonović, Marija, Smiljanić, Dragica, "Coccus hesperidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae): Pest of chayote, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. in Belgrade" in Biljni lekar, 47, no. 6 (2019):457-465,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rivec_583 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simonović, Marija
AU  - Dervišević, Marina
AU  - Graora, Draga
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://RIVeC.institut-palanka.rs/handle/123456789/585
AB  - Small spruce bud scale, Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), is a Holarctic, oligophagous species developing on plants of the genera Picea and Abies (Pinaceae). It is a serious pest of Picea abies in Serbia, which causes drying and falling of needles, branches and even drying of entire plants. A study of the bionomy of Ph. hemicryphus was carried out at five locations in Serbia in 2016 and 2017. Ph. hemicryphus was found to develop one generation annually and to overwinter as second-instar larvae on spruce branches. Adults emerge at the beginning of April and oviposition takes place at the beginning of May. Larvae hatch in the second half of May; during summer they feed on spruce needles and moult into second-instar larvae in September. Scale populations are controlled by a number of natural enemies. Five species of parasitoid wasps were reared: Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Metaphycus unicolor Hoffer, Microterys lunatus (Dalman), Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Pachyneuron muscarum (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), as well as five predatory species: Anthribus nebulosus Forster (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Exochomus quadripustulatus L., Scymnus abietis Paykull, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The most efficient parasitoid of Ph. hemicryphus was P. testaceus, reducing scale populations up to 28.97%, while the most efficient predator was A. nebulosus with an efficacy of up to 51.72%.
AB  - Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), mala smrčina štitasta vaš, je holarktička, oligofagna vrsta koja se razvija na biljkama iz rodova Picea i Abies (Pinaceae). Na napadnutim biljkama vaš obrazuje brojne kolonije prouzrokujući fiziološko slabljenje, sušenje i opadanje četina, grana, pa čak i cele biljke. Zbog obilnog lučenja medne rose, na koju se naseljavaju gljive čađavice, procesi fotosinteze i transpiracije su smanjeni, kao i estetska vrednost biljaka, zbog čega Ph. hemicryphus predstavlja značajnu štetočinu smrče. Proučavanje bionomije Ph. hemicryphus obavljeno je tokom 2016. i 2017. godine, na pet lokaliteta na teritoriji Srbije. Utvrđeno je da Ph. hemicryphus razvija jednu generaciju godišnje i da prezimljava kao larva drugog stupnja na granama smrče. Imago se javlja početkom aprila, a ovipozicija je početkom maja. Larve se pile u drugoj polovini maja, tokom leta se hrane na četinama smrče, a u septembru obrazuju larve drugog stupnja koje prezimljavaju. Brojnost populacija ove štetočine reguliše veći broj prirodnih neprijatelja. Odgajeno je pet vrsta parazitoidnih osica: Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Metaphycus unicolor Hoffer, Microterys lunatus (Dalman), Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) i Pachyneuron muscarum (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), kao i pet vrsta predatora: Anthribus nebulosus Forster (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Exochomus quadripustulatus L., Scymnus abietis Paykull, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) i Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Najefikasniji parazitoid Ph. hemicryphus je P. testaceus, koji je redukovao brojnost populacija vaši do 28,97%, dok je najefikasniji predator A. nebulosus sa efikasnošću do 51,72%.
PB  - Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Pesticidi i fitomedicina
T1  - Bionomy of small spruce bud scale, Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Serbia
T1  - Bionomija male smrčine štitaste vaši, Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) u Srbiji
EP  - 96
IS  - 2
SP  - 89
VL  - 33
DO  - 10.2298/PIF1802089S
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Simonović, Marija and Dervišević, Marina and Graora, Draga",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Small spruce bud scale, Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), is a Holarctic, oligophagous species developing on plants of the genera Picea and Abies (Pinaceae). It is a serious pest of Picea abies in Serbia, which causes drying and falling of needles, branches and even drying of entire plants. A study of the bionomy of Ph. hemicryphus was carried out at five locations in Serbia in 2016 and 2017. Ph. hemicryphus was found to develop one generation annually and to overwinter as second-instar larvae on spruce branches. Adults emerge at the beginning of April and oviposition takes place at the beginning of May. Larvae hatch in the second half of May; during summer they feed on spruce needles and moult into second-instar larvae in September. Scale populations are controlled by a number of natural enemies. Five species of parasitoid wasps were reared: Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Metaphycus unicolor Hoffer, Microterys lunatus (Dalman), Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Pachyneuron muscarum (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), as well as five predatory species: Anthribus nebulosus Forster (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Exochomus quadripustulatus L., Scymnus abietis Paykull, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The most efficient parasitoid of Ph. hemicryphus was P. testaceus, reducing scale populations up to 28.97%, while the most efficient predator was A. nebulosus with an efficacy of up to 51.72%., Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), mala smrčina štitasta vaš, je holarktička, oligofagna vrsta koja se razvija na biljkama iz rodova Picea i Abies (Pinaceae). Na napadnutim biljkama vaš obrazuje brojne kolonije prouzrokujući fiziološko slabljenje, sušenje i opadanje četina, grana, pa čak i cele biljke. Zbog obilnog lučenja medne rose, na koju se naseljavaju gljive čađavice, procesi fotosinteze i transpiracije su smanjeni, kao i estetska vrednost biljaka, zbog čega Ph. hemicryphus predstavlja značajnu štetočinu smrče. Proučavanje bionomije Ph. hemicryphus obavljeno je tokom 2016. i 2017. godine, na pet lokaliteta na teritoriji Srbije. Utvrđeno je da Ph. hemicryphus razvija jednu generaciju godišnje i da prezimljava kao larva drugog stupnja na granama smrče. Imago se javlja početkom aprila, a ovipozicija je početkom maja. Larve se pile u drugoj polovini maja, tokom leta se hrane na četinama smrče, a u septembru obrazuju larve drugog stupnja koje prezimljavaju. Brojnost populacija ove štetočine reguliše veći broj prirodnih neprijatelja. Odgajeno je pet vrsta parazitoidnih osica: Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Metaphycus unicolor Hoffer, Microterys lunatus (Dalman), Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) i Pachyneuron muscarum (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), kao i pet vrsta predatora: Anthribus nebulosus Forster (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Exochomus quadripustulatus L., Scymnus abietis Paykull, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) i Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Najefikasniji parazitoid Ph. hemicryphus je P. testaceus, koji je redukovao brojnost populacija vaši do 28,97%, dok je najefikasniji predator A. nebulosus sa efikasnošću do 51,72%.",
publisher = "Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Pesticidi i fitomedicina",
title = "Bionomy of small spruce bud scale, Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Serbia, Bionomija male smrčine štitaste vaši, Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) u Srbiji",
pages = "96-89",
number = "2",
volume = "33",
doi = "10.2298/PIF1802089S"
}

Simonović, M., Dervišević, M.,& Graora, D.. (2018). Bionomy of small spruce bud scale, Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Serbia. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina
Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd., 33(2), 89-96.
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1802089S

Simonović M, Dervišević M, Graora D. Bionomy of small spruce bud scale, Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Serbia. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina. 2018;33(2):89-96.
doi:10.2298/PIF1802089S .

Simonović, Marija, Dervišević, Marina, Graora, Draga, "Bionomy of small spruce bud scale, Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Serbia" in Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 33, no. 2 (2018):89-96,
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1802089S . .