Interaction variety and microbiological fertilizer on yield bean in organic cultivation

Abstract

Bean is an annual legume, which resembles an important plant species in production and an alimentation basis for many nations. In Serbia, bean is produced in organic production on vast surfaces. However, even if bean consumption is increasing, surfaces are linearly decreasing in the period from 2005 to 2014 (r=-0.97). Yields vary between 0.8 and 1.3 tha-1. In Serbia, modern verieties from the state’s official list of varieties are used for organic production. Bean makes 4.3 % of the total vegetable consumption structure in Serbia. Global bean consumption is 2.4 kg. In Europe, the consumption is very modest and amounts to 0.7 kg, which is 4.5 kg less than in Serbia. Bean consumption in Serbia is recording an increase. The research goal was to determine the interaction between the genetic factor and the application of microbiological fertilizers on bean yield in an organic breeding method, which would contribute to the consumption of food that is safe in terms of health and to environment preservation. The experiment was set on an experimental plot of the Faculty of Biofarming in Bačka Topola. Plants were grown on calcareous chernozem. Determination of the content of mineral nitrogen is done before planting and after harvest. Bean was bred by the principles of organic production. The weather conditions during the experiment’s realisation were tracked, therefore their influence on the interaction between the genotype and the microbiological fertilizers on yield was also measured. In an experimental biennial field plot arranged by split-plot method in four repetitions, two genotypes were used, bean varieties: Zlatko and Maksa. Large plots were varieties and subplots – control and variants of effective microorganism (EM) and Trichoderma atroviride use. The size of an elementary plot was 10 m2 . A variance analysis was made and the average yield values of the bean from applied treatments were tested by LSD test (least significant differences). In both years of study, the variety Maksa had a statistically significantly higher yield in comparison with the variety Zlatko. The use of microbiological fertilizer didn’t show any regularity in bean yield formation. The interraction between genotype and microbiological fertilizer is statistically significant. In both years the lowest yield was measured in the variant of treating the soil with EM before sowing. The interaction between microbiological fertilizer and variety was, in average for both years, statistically significant and regular. Both varieties have recorded the highest yield with the use of EM in the combination: soil treatment before sowing, in the pheno-phase of 3 to 4 leaves and beginning of flowering. Obtained results refer to a proposal of bean breeding in an organic breeding system. However, the researches should be continued on various localities which would be a factor of influence on interaction and bean yield.