Uticaj setve i folijarnog tretmana na visinu prinosa različitih genotipova pšenice

Abstract

Pšenica je glavna hrana u skoro svim delovima sveta. Globalna potražnja za pšenicom raste za oko 2% na godišnjem nivou, dva puta brže od stope prirasta genetičkog potencijala za prinos. Na visinu prinosa pšenice pored agroekoloških uslova značajno utiče ishrana azotom, kao i optimalna gustina setve. Optimalnom gustinom se značajno utiče na komponente prinosa, kao što je broj klasova, broj zrna u klasu i masu zrna u klasu. Savremeni trendovi u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji diktiraju metode kojima se moraju zadovoljiti ekonomski, zdravstveni, ekološki principi, zato je za cilj istraživanja postavljeno da se ispita uticaj interakcijskog odnosa genotipa i gustine setve pri održivom načinu Ďubrenja na visinu prinosa zrna pšenice (kg/ha). Ogled je izveden na oglednom polju PKB Instituta Agroekonomik 2017/2018 godine. Osnovno Ďubrenje bilo je sa 400 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15) na celoj površini ogleda. U fazi nicanja cela eksperimentalna površina je tretirana sa mikrobiološkim preparatom EM Aktiv. U kontroli za prihranu se koristilo 150 kg/ha UREA-e tako je N1 129:60:60. U varijanti N2 primenjeno je 100 kg/ha UREA-e, tako da je ukupno uneto 109:60:60. U toku vegetacije usev je tretiran sa 2 folijarna tretmana sa EM Aktiv-om. Posejane su tri sorte pšenice Pobeda, Ratarica i Nogal u dve gustine 400 i 500 zrna na 5 m2. UtvrĎene su razlike u visini prinosa su značajno uticala na visinu prinosa. Kod svih genotipova u gustini od 500 zrna/m2 ostvaren je viši prinosa zrna. Na kraju vegetacije uvrĎen je sadržaj lakopristupačnih fosfora i kalijuma u zemljištu. U varijanti N2 utvrĎene su veće količine oba elementa.

Wheat is the main food in almost all parts of the world. Global demand for wheat grows by about 2% annually, twice as fast as the rate of increase in genetic potential for yield. In addition to agroecological conditions, the yield of wheat is significantly influenced by nitrogen nutrition, as well as the optimal sowing density. The optimum density significantly influences the yield components, such as the number of scales, the number of grains in the class and the weight of the grain in the class. Modern trends in agricultural production dictate methods that need to satisfy economic, health, environmental principles. Therefore, the aim of the research was to investigate the influence of the interaction relation between genotype and sow density in sustainable fertilization method on the wheat grain yield (kg/ha). The visit was made in the field of PKB Institute Agroekonomik 2017/2018 year. The basic fertilization was 400 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15) on the entire surface of the experiment. During the emergence phase, the whole experimental surface was treated with the microbiological preparation EM Aktiv. In the feed control, 150 kg/ha of urea was used, so N1 129:60:60. In the N2 variant, 100 kg/ha urea was applied, so a total of 109:60:60 was entered. In the course of vegetation, crop was treated with 2 foliar treatment with EM Aktiv. Three varieties of wheat Pobeda, Ratarica and Nogal were found in two densities of 400 and 500 grains per 5 m2. The differences in yield yields were significantly affected by the yield. For all genotypes in the density of 500 grains/m2, higher grain yields were achieved. At the end of the vegetation, the content of light-chain phosphorus and potassium in the soil is classified. In the N2 variant, larger quantities of both elements were determined.