Varijabilnost broja i mase zrna po klasu durum pšenice u organskoj proizvodnji

Abstract

U radu je obavljeno istraživanje varijabilnosti komponenti prinosa (broj zrna po klasu i masa zrna po klasu) kod sedam genotipova ozime durum pšenice. Analizirane su tri sorte durum pšenice (Windur, Žitka i KG Olimpik) i četiri perspektivne linije Centra za strna žita i razvoj sela Kragujevac (KG-28-6, KG-3405-03, KG-43-33-1 i KG-44-3-1). Ogled je izveden na sertifikovanom organskom gazdinstvu u Čačku, po principima organske proizvodnje tokom dve vegetacione sezone (2012/2013. i 2013/2014.). Ustanovljene su statistički visoko značajne razlike za genotip i interakciju genotip×godina kod obe ispitivane komponente prinosa. U ukupnoj varijansi za oba svojstva, najveći udeo pripadao je interakciji, a značajno manji ostalim komponentama varijanse. Ispitivane komponente prinosa su pokazale izraženu varijabilnost, što je potvrđeno i koeficijentom varijacije. Najveći broj zrna po klasu, u proseku, imala je linija KG-3405-03 (46,0), koja je ostvarila i najveću masu zrna po klasu (1,5 g).

In this paper, the variability of yield components (number of grains per spike and weight of grains per spike) was investigated in seven genotypes of winter durum wheat. Three varieties of durum wheat (Windur, Žitka and KG Olimpik) and four perspective lines of the Center for Small Grains and Rural Development Kragujevac (KG-28-6, KG-3405-03, KG- 43-33-1 and KG-44-3-1) were analyzed. The experiment was carried out on a certified organic farm in Čačak, according to the principles of organic production during two growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). A highly significant statistical differences were found for the genotype and the genotype×year interaction in both examined yield components. In the total variance for both properties, the largest share belonged to the interaction, and a significantly smaller part belonged to the other variance components. The studied yield components showed remarkable variability, which was also confirmed by the coefficient of variation. On average, KG-3405-03 had the highest number of grains per spike (46.0), which also achieved the highest grain weight per spike (1.5 g).