Neki rezultati proučavanja uvenuća paprike u Srbiji

Abstract

Uvenuće paprike se poslednjih godina javlja kao veoma rasprostranjena i štetna bolest. Često a bolest obuhvati 50-100% biljaka, u zavisnosti od mesta i načina gajenja. Obolela biljka vene, osuši se i ne stvara plodove. U zavisnosti od simptoma bolesti, razlikuju se dva tipa uvenuća: ,,zeleno” i „žuto” uvenuće. Uzročnik „zelenog“ uvenuća je parazitska gljiva Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke et Berth, dok je „žutog“ uvenuća očigledno virus istolbura (veliki pupoljak), čiji je vektor Hialesthes Pobsaletus Sai. „Zeleno“ uvenuće se čini manje opasnim, jer ga je u praksi lakše suzbiti. Proizvodnja zdravih rasada i primena plodoreda su efikasni u suzbijanju V. albo-atrum, uzročnika ove bolesti. Neke sorte paprike pokazale su se tolerantnim prema ovoj bolesti. „Žuto“ uvenuće, kao virusna bolest, predstavlja glavnu opasnost u gajenju paprike, do te mere da praktično onemogućava njenu proizvodnju. Za sada se čini da nema zadovoljavajućih mera koje bi se mogle preporučiti u praksi. Rezultati ovog istraživanja su pokazali da se štete uzrokovane „žutim” venućem mogu znatno umanjiti ranom sadnjom rasada u njivu, jer na taj način obezbeđujemo berbu plodova pre masovne pojave bolesti. Ova mera je od praktičnog značaja za sorte paprike koje se gaje do faze tehnološkog zrenja, a za sorte koje se gaje za proizvodnju do fiziološki zrelih crvenih plodova, ova mera je od manje praktičnog značaja.

Wilting of pepper has occurred as a very widespread and harmful disease during the last few years. Frequently, the disease incidence exceeds 50-100% on plants, depending on the place and manner of growing. The diseased plant wilt, dry and do not form any fruit. Two types of wilting have been distinguished, depending on the symptoms of disease: ,,green" and „yellow" wilting. The causer of „green" wilting is a parasite fungus Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke et Berth, while that of „yellow" wilting is apparently the istolbur (big bud) virus, whose vector is the leafhopper Hyalesthes Pobsaletus Say. „Green" wilting seems to be less dangerous, since it is easier to control in practice. Production of healthy seedlings and the application of crop rotation are efficient in the control of V. albo-atrum, the causer of this disease. Some pepper varieties proved to be tolerant to this parasite. „Yellow" wilting, as a virus disease, presents the main danger in causing mortality of pepper, which practically precludes its production. For the time being, there seem to be no satisfactory measures, which could be recommended in practice. The results of this investigation have shown that damages caused by „yellow" wilting can be considerably decreased by early planting of seedlings in the field, since we thus ensure the fruit harvest be-fore mass occurrence of the disease. This measure is of practical significance for pepper varieties grown for technologically ripe fruit; for varieties, which are grown for the production of physiologically ripe-red fruit, this measure is of less practical importance.