Morphological and quality attributes of selected autochthonous apple genotypes from Serbia

Abstract

Apple is one of the most grown fruits in the world. Traditional apple genotypes represent an important resource that ensures the sustainability of apple production and high diversity of available genotypes. The aim of this study was to analyze the fruit quality and sensory characteristics of 5 autochthonous apple genotypes from Serbia, in order to determine their potential on the market for fresh consumption and processing industry. In order to determine the fruit visual characteristics, morphological traits were studied (fruit ground and over color, percentage and pattern of over color, greasiness of the skin, fruit weight, length and height and fruit shape). In addition, length of the fruit stalk and fruit firmness were determined, as important characteristics for fruit storability. Among the biochemical parameters, total soluble solids and titratable acidity were determined. Sensory analysis was performed for the following traits: attractiveness, taste, aroma, juiciness and astringency. The highest potential for fresh consumption showed "Šećeruša" and "Čagaraša" genotypes. Genotype "Đeregarka" is more suitable for processing industry due to its high content of organic acid. "Crvena Debelokorka" had low taste and aroma ratings (partially due to high astringency), but also the highest fruit firmness, which can result in good storability. The analyzed genotypes showed diverse quality traits and could find their place in the market and in the economy of the small farmers, but also in breeding programs focused on quality and diversity. They should be preserved as an important genetic resource for the sustainability of agriculture.