Uticaj genotipa i sredine na klijavost semena kupusa

Abstract

Uticaj genotipa i sredine (sezone, roka setve, tretmana hormonom GA3) na klijavost semena kupusa kod tri roditeljska genotipa i tri njihova hibrida, selekcionisanih u dialelnom ukrštanju, ispitivana je u sezonama koje su bile: jedna ekstremno hladna, jedna veoma topla i jedna prosečna. Seme kupusa proizvodeno je tako što je iskorišćena mogućnost vernalizacije, tj. pojava cvetnog mehanizma tipičnog za uljanu repicu. Ogled je postavljen u rokovima setve pogodnim za proizvodnju uljane repice, a jedan od ciljeva bio je da se izbegne forimiranje glavice iz razloga njene neotpornosti na niske temperature. Analizom varijanse potvrđena je statistička značajnost uticaja svih ispitivanih faktora na klijavost semena. Hibridi su pokazali izvesne vrednosti apsolutnog i relativnog heterozisa na osobinu klijavosti u odnosu na roditeljske genotipove. Analiza varijanse AMMI modela ukazala je na značajne razlike između genotipova i spoljne sredine: tretmana, rokova setve i godina kao i njihovih interakcija (genotip x spoljna sredina) na klijavost semena. U ukupnoj sumi kvadrata, 53,5% se odnosilo na efekat spoljne sredine, što je 6,14 puta više nego vrednost sume kvadrata genotipova.

The influence of genotype and environment (season, sowing date, GA3 hormone treatment) on the germination of cabbage seeds in three parents and three F1 hybrids selected in a diallel cross was examined in seasons that were: one extremely cold, one very warm and one average. Cabbage seeds produced by utilizing the possibility of vernalization, i.e. the appearance of a flower mechanism typical of oilseed rape. The experiment was set up in the sowing dates typical for the production of oilseed rape, and one of the goals was to avoid the formation of the head due to its lack of resistance to low temperatures. Analysis of variance confirmed the statistical significance of the influence of all factors on seed germination. The hybrids showed certain values of absolute and relative heterosis for the germination trait in relation to the parental genotypes. Analysis of the variance of the AMMI model shows significant differences between genotypes and external environment: treatments, sowing dates and years, as well as their interactions (genotype x external environment) on seed germination. 53.5% of the sum of squares was related to the effect of the external environment, which is 6.14 times more than the value of the sum of squares of the genotypes.