Procena tolerantnosti različitih genotipova pšenice na stres saliniteta

Abstract

U cilju procene tolerantnosti pšenice na stres saliniteta, sproveden je dvogodišnji ogled sa 27 genotipova pšenice, gajenih na dva lokaliteta: Kumane (solonjec, povećana zaslanjenost) i Rimski Šančevi (černozem, kontrola). Stres zaslanjenosti je uticao na smanjenje prinosa zrna po klasu za oko 30%, što ovu osobinu čini dobrim fenotipskim markerom uticaja stresa zaslanjenosti na razvoj pšenice. Selekcija zasnovana na vrednostima indikatora SP, ITS i IP favorizuje odabir genotipova Bankut 1205, Orašanka, KG-58, Jugoslavija, Renesansa i Harmonija. Iz grupe genotipova sa visokim vrednostima SP, ITS i IP (klaster A), genotip Harmonija ima nisku vrednost parametra IOS (0,52) i visoke vrednosti ISP (0,84), IP (1,66) i prinosa zrna po klasu na solonjecu (1,50 g), što ga čini veoma tolerantnim genotipom na salinitet. Parametri IOS i ISP identifikuju genotipove koji se, bez obzira na nizak prinos, odlikuju malom osetljivošću na stres (Šumadija, Rujna i Premija), zbog čega mogu biti koristan genetički resurs u oplemenjivačkim programima.

In order to assess the tolerance of wheat to salinity stress, a two-year trial was conducted with 27 wheat genotypes, grown on two soil types: Solonetz (salinity stress) and Chernozem (control). Salinity stress reduced grain yield per ear by about 30%, which makes this trait a good phenotypic marker of salinity stress. Selection based on SP, ITS and IP indicators favors the selection of genotypes Bankut 1205, Orašanka, KG- 58, Jugoslavija, Renesansa, and Harmonija. From the group of genotypes with high values of SP, ITS and IP, the genotype Harmonija has a low value of the parameter IOS (0.52) and a high value of ISP (0.84), IP (1.66), and grain yield per ear on the Solonetz (1.50 g), which makes it salinity-tolerant genotype. The parameters IOS and ISP identify genotypes that, regardless of low yield, are characterized by low sensitivity to stress (Šumadija, Rujna, and Premija), because these genotypes could be a useful genetic resource in breeding programs