Analiza morfoloških osobina biljaka i osobina ploda kod tikvice (Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica L.)

Abstract

Ovaj ogled predstavlja deo predselekcionog programa tikvice (Cucurbita pepo L.) Instituta za povrtarstvo u Smederevskoj Palanci. Tokom dve godine, vršena je evaluacija osam osobina – tri morfološke osobine biljke (habitus, prisutnost ureza i srebrnih mrlja na liskama), dve morfološke osobine ploda (boja, oblik) kao i tri agronomske osobine (dužina, širina, masa ploda) kod 10 genotipova tikvice. Četiri od 10 genotipova su se izdvojili odnosom dužine i širine ploda u opsegu između 3,5 i 4,5. Genotip G6 poreklom iz Francuske je imao najveću prosečnu dužinu i širinu ploda. Genotip G9, poreklom iz Kine je imao plodove najveće mase. Optimalna masa ploda od 0,35 do 0,40 kg je zabeležena kod genotipova 2, 5 i 8. Prema klaster analizi najsličniji genotipovi su 1, 2, 4, 5 i 7. Evaluacija genetičkih resursa je značajan deo predselekcionog programa svake vrste. Dobijeni rezultati su od izuzetnog značaja za budući rad na oplemenjivanju ove vrste u našoj zemlji.

This experiment is part of the summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) prebreeding program of the Institute for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka. During two years, eight traits were evaluated - three morphological traits of the plant (habitus, the presence of incisions, and silver spots on the leaves), two morphological traits of the fruit (color, shape) as well as three agronomic fruit traits (length, width, weight) in 10 squash genotypes. Four genotypes were distinguished by the ratio of fruit length to width in the range between 3.5 and 4.5. Genotype G6 originating from France had the highest average fruit length and width. Genotype G9, originating from China, had the heaviest fruits. The optimal fruit weight of 0.35 to 0.40 kg was recorded in genotypes 2, 5, and 8. According to cluster analysis, the most similar genotypes are 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7. Evaluation of genetic resources is an important part of the pre-breeding program of each species. The obtained results are extremely important in the further work on the breeding of this species in our country.