Influence of Sowing Density on Yield and Quality of Soybean under Ecological and Conventional Production Systems

Abstract

Research was conducted during 2008 under ecological and conventional systems of soybean production. The observed factors included three different seeding densities (400.000, 500.000 and 600.000 plants per ha) and three soybean varieties of different maturity groups (‘Galina’, ‘Sava’ and ‘Mima’). The obtained data were processed by analysis of variance method of two factorial split-plot test (variety and seeding density). Yield and protein content were higher under conventional production than under the ecological system, while the oil content was 1.66% lower. Yield significantly depended on variety in both production systems. The effect of sowing density was non-significant in the conventional system and highly significant in the ecological system. Differences between the average values of the protein content of soybean grain were not statistically significant in terms of variety and sowing density in both production technologies. Under conventional production conditions, the variety Mima had a significantly higher oil content of grain as compared to the variety Galina. The ecological production differences were not statistically significant. Sowing density had no impact on the oil content of soybean grain in both production technologies tested. A very significant negative correlation between protein and oil content was established in both ecological and conventional production systems (-0.86** and -0.91**, respectively).

Ispitivanja su izvršena tokom 2008. godine u uslovima ekološke i konvencionalne proizvodnje soje. Praceni su sledeci parametri: tri razlicite gustine sadnje (400.000, 500.000 i 600.000 biljaka/ha) i tri sorte soje razlicite grupe zrelosti (Galina. Sava i Mima). Dobijeni podaci obradeni su analizom varijanse, po dvofaktorijalnom metodu razdeljenih parcela (sorta i gustina sadnje). Prinos i sadržaj proteina bili su viši u konvencionalnoj tehnologiji proizvodnje u odnosu na ekološku, dok je sadržaj ulja bio manji za 1,66%. Prinos je znacajno zavisio od sorte u oba sistema proizvodnje. Uticaj gustine sadnje nije bio znacajan u konvencionalnoj proizvodnji, za razliku od ekološke proizvodnje. Razlike izmedu prosecnih vrednosti sadržaja proteina u zrnu soje nisu bile statisticki znacajne u pogledu sorti i gustine sadnje u ispitivanim tehnologijama proizvodnje. U konvencionalnoj proizvodnji, sorta ‘Mima’ imala je znacajno veci sadržaj ulja u zrnu nego sorta ‘Galina’. Gustina sadnje nije uticala na sadržaj ulja u zrnu soje u ispitivanim tehnologijama proizvodnje. Veoma znacajna negativna korelacija izmedu sadržaja proteina i ulja utvrdena je u ekološkoj i konvencionalnoj proizvodnji (-0,86**, odnosno -0,91**).