Yield components and genetic potential of winter barley on alluvium soil of South Serbia

Abstract

The experiment was established in the experimental field at the experimental field in Leskovac (Serbia) during the three growing seasons. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of genotype and environment on the yield of winter barley cultivars (Nonius, Bc Srećko and Bc Bosut). The following characteristics were analysed: grain yield, 1000 grain weight and test weight. The grain yield of winter barley significantly varied across years, from 3.463 t/ha in 2021/22 to 4.971 t/ha in 2020/21. The highest yield, 1000 grain weight and test weight in all barley varieties were in the first vegetation period with moderate temperatures at the time of grain filling and a large amount of precipitation. The average yield during the three-year trial, for all examined barley varieties in the study was 4.454 t/ha. The highest three-year average of grain yield (4.701 t/ha) were obtained by Nonius cultivar. The average 1000 grain weight in the study was 46.31 g. The test weight for all examined barley varieties in the study was 60.52 kg/hl. Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant effect of the growing season on all studied traits of barley. A highly significant effect of genotype on 1000 grain weight was determined. Correlation coefficients showed large variations, which results from the interaction between the properties within each genotype and genotype interactions with environmental factors.